https://familydoctor.org/recovering-from-delivery/

https://www.nytimes.com/1998/05/24/weekinreview/the-world-formerly-arrogant-utterly-argentine.html

https://www.hg.org/law-firms/naturalization-and-citizenship/argentina.html

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/693869/List_of_Lawyers_in_Buenos_Aires.pdf

Days 5 - 8: With a base in Downtown Vancouver, we hit the standard tourist spots - Lynn Canyon Park, English Bay, Lions Gate Bridge, Stanley Park / sea wall, Grouse Grind, and of course some shopping at the outlet malls.

Capilano Suspension Bridge, University of British Columbia and YVR Airport Station are just a short distance away

day 1

11:05 am: Arrival in Vancouver. From airport, take a taxi to the Patricia hotel

2:00 pm: Check into the hotel

2:00 to 8:00 pm Rest in the hotel till evening

8:30pm Arrive for Dinner at  Shangri-La Hotel.

10:30 pm – Back to the Patricia hotel

day 2

8:00 am – Breakfast in the hotel

9:30 am - Arrive at Cycle City Tours (648 Hornby Street) for cycling tour, which includes a three-hour ride to sites like Stanley Park and the city itself.

1:00 pm - Lunch at Nightingale restaurant in Vancouver’s Coal Harbour.

3:00 pm - Head over to Grouse Mountain by taxi

8:00 pm - Dinner at L’Abattoir in Gastown

10:00 pm – Back to the hotel

day 3

8:00 am – Breakfast in the hotel

10:00 am - Reach Granville Island, and meet the Vancouver Foodie Tour guide for a tour that lasts around 2 hours where we can try some locally produced cheeses, fluffy doughnuts, blended teas and some food.

2:00 pm - Explore China Town to see some of the shops, bars and historical sites. Visit Dr. Sun Yat-Sen Classical Chinese Garden and the Millennium Gate.

7:00 pm - Stop off for a drink at Keefer Bar and Fortune Sound Club and check out Rennie Collection at Wing Sang.

9:00 pm – Back at the hotel for dinner

day 4

8:00 am – Breakfast in the hotel

9:00 am - Pick up a rental car in downtown Vancouver for a day of driving and exploring outside of the city.

10:00 am. Drive to Horseshoe Bay Ferry Terminal: This will take around 30 minutes or so but leave yourself plenty of time as you’ll be wanting to buy tickets for the ferry crossing to Langdale.  You can check the schedule, here.

9:25 am. Depart on Ferry: Depart Horseshoe Bay for Langdale. The crossing time varies ever so slightly but usually takes around 40 minutes or so.

10:10am. Arrive in Langdale and the Sunshine Coast: After driving off the ferry, it’s time to explore the gorgeous area around the Sunshine Coast. With over 100 miles of coastline, this area is a perfect place to explore the laid-back charm of British Columbia.

Drive to Gibsons Landing: Head over to Gibsons Landing to explore a little of this place.

Eat at Gibsons Public Market: This intimate little market has around 10-12 food stalls and shops that offer some of the local areas best produce. Make a stop, take a wander around this quaint place and head upstairs to enjoy some freshly prepped food and even some art when exhibitions are on show.

Hike to Soames Hill: One of the best ways to see this area of British Columbia is on foot and located just above Gibson and a few miles from the ferry terminal is a relatively short 40-minute (self-guided) hike to conquer ‘The Knob”. Once at the top, you’ll come across some amazing views of Gibson Harbour, Vancouver Island, Gambier and Bowen.

To access this trail, it’s best to enter from 481 Esperanza Road (SW entrance).

2:45 pm. Scenic Driver along Gower Point Road to Ocean Beach: Head on this coastal drive for an hour or so to enjoy some of the true wilderness of this impressive place. Follow the coastal road and stop off whenever you wish. It really is a lovely drive.

Head to Gibsons Tapworks: Gibsons Tapworks is an intimate microbrewery that prides itself on high-quality craft beer. Just make sure not to give any to the driver.

Grab some freshly caught oysters: One of the best things about the ocean is that there’s an abundance of seafood to eat. Head over to Smitty’s Oyster House to grab a few freshly prepared oysters.

5:45 pm. Persephone’s Brewing Company:  After eating all those oysters, you’ll need a little tipple to wash it all down. Head over to Persephone’s Brewing Company which is home to an 11-acre farm and microbrewery in Gibsons. Make sure to try their grapefruit beer – it’s too delicious to miss! As with the previous alcohol experience, I’m afraid the drive will need to sit this one out.

leave for Langdale Ferry Terminal: The ferry terminal is about 5 minutes drive from Persephone’s Brewing Company.

6:50 pm. Sail time: Set sail from Langdale (Gibsons) to Horseshoe Bay.

Vancouver: Arrive in Horseshoe Bay and drive back to your Vancouver hotel.

Day 5

8:00 am. Breakfast at Jam Café

10:00 am Depart for Sea to Sky Gondola: Hope into your car and head on a 1-hour drive from downtown Vancouver to the Sea to Sky Gondola in Squamish. The address for your GPS is 36800 Highway 99, Squamish.

11:15 am Head up the Sky Gondola: Relatively new to the area, the Sea to Sky Gondolais one epic ride that will take you to the very top of the mountains and alpine meadows. If you’re an experienced hiker, you can actually hike to the top. Alternatively, follow one of the designated trails once you arrive at the summit

1 2:00 pm. First Nations Guide: Meet your local First Nations guide at the fire pit at Bodhi’s Plaza and head out on a guided Talking Trees tour that lasts around 90-minutes.

3:00 pm. Departure: Depart Sea to Sky Gondola.

4:00 pm Arrive back downtown: Take a moment to relax and to rest up before dinner.

70 0 pm Dinner at Ancora Dining: 

Day 6

. Breakfast: Breakfast at the hotel

10:30 am. Drive to Capilano Suspension Bridge Park: About 20-minutes from the city centre.

11:00 am. Arrive at Capilano Suspension Bridge

1:00 pm. Head back to Vancouver: Drive back to the city.

1:30 pm. Lunch at Meat & Bread: 

2:30 pm. Explore more of Vancouver over 6 hours: Spend the afternoon spotting some of the main sites you have to see whilst in the city.

8:30 pm. Dinner at Savio Volpe: 

Spend your afternoon/evening here exploring the downtown area. There’s so much to see and do, whatever you don’t see today, you can experience tomorrow. Bike around Stanley Park, watch the sunset from one of its beautiful beaches, and have dinner in one of the city’s cool neighbourhoods. Yaletown and Gastown are both walking distance from downtown Vancouver, and have too many quality restaurants to choose from.

Day 5: Explore Vancouver

Spend a day exploring what makes Vancouver one of the world’s most livable cities. There are so many free attractions to enjoy, such as Stanley and Queen Elizabeth Parks, Granville Island, and Kitsilano Beach. For museum buffs, check out the Museum of Vancouver, Science World, and the Museum of Anthropology. If you enjoy shopping at independent boutiques and thrift stores, spend the afternoon exploring Main Street, which is also home to some of the city’s best local restaurants. Otherwise, visit Commercial Drive’s Little Italy community for dinner.

Day 6: See a different side to Vancouver

The Greater Vancouver Area is comprised of cities such as Richmond, Burnaby, and North and West Vancouver. Step out of the city and see a different side to Vancouver. Steveston in Richmond is one of British Columbia’s cutest seaside towns, while Burnaby has Burnaby Mountain, Burnaby Village Museum, and Metropolis at Metrotown Mall to keep people busy. North Vancouver is home to Capilano Suspension Bridge Park, Lonsdale Quay Market, Deep Cove, and Grouse Mountain, which is great to visit year-round. Pick the place that suits you best.

Day 7: Take the Sea to Sky Highway to Whistler

It’s time to leave Vancouver and head north to Whistler. Fortunately, the drive along the Sea to Sky Highway is one of the most beautiful in Canada. Definitely stop at the Sea to Sky Gondola along the way, which has amazing views of Howe Sound, plus a suspension bridge and trails. Another great place to visit is Shannon Falls, BC’s third largest waterfall. Stop in Squamish for lunch, which is another cute coastal town too. Once in Whistler, head to Whistler Village for dinner.

Day 10: Drive to ferry and onto Vancouver Island

Drive back down the Sea to Sky Highway to Horseshoe Bay in West Vancouver. From here, it’s time to hop on a ferry to Nanaimo on Vancouver Island. Once you arrive in Nanaimo on Vancouver Island, drive down the coast to Victoria, British Columbia’s capital. Stop along the way in Cowichan Valley, which is known for its vineyards and orchards as well. There probably won’t be too many hours left in the day to explore Victoria. So instead, simply head to the city’s Inner Harbour for sunset and dinner.

Day 1: Arrived in Vancouver at 6pm after a delayed flight, collected our rental car and headed straight to Tsawwassen ferry terminal towards Victoria. We stayed at Hotel Rialto in Victoria for the night - really lovely hotel! Sadly didn't get to see very much of Victoria as we were exhausted so bedded down early for an early start the next morning.

Day 2: Set off at 6am on a long drive towards Tofino for our whale watching tour, with lots of beautiful scenic stops along the way. Vancouver Islandreally is stunning! After the whale tour, we spent the evening/night watching the sunset/stars on Little Beach by campfire.

Day 3: Wild Pacific Trail in Ucluelet, followed by some yummy poutine from Jiggers (our first and favourite!) Drove to Courtenay (via Coombs Country Farm to see the goats on the roof) before checking into our next hotel, Best Western the Westerley - again lovely hotel.

Day 4: Canada day! Up early again for a mammoth road/ferry/road/ferry/road (you get the gist) trip to Downtown Vancouver along the sunshine coast. Arrived at our hotel, Granville Suites, in good time to explore the area before heading to the harbour for Canada Day celebrations.

Days 5 - 8: With a base in Downtown Vancouver, we hit the standard tourist spots - Lynn Canyon Park, English Bay, Lions Gate Bridge, Stanley Park / sea wall, Grouse Grind, and of course some shopping at the outlet malls.

Day 9: Off to Whistler! With our final 2 days of the trip based in Whistler Village, we had plenty to cram in and as soon as we arrived we immediately regretted not scheduling more time here! We headed straight off to the peak to peak gondola, which we absolutely loved! Then back down again to catch a seaplane tour (Harbour Air - Spectacular Glacier tour) - hands down one of the best experiences - would totally recommend it! Spent the evening in Whistler Village.

Day 10: Set off early to Joffre Lakes Provincial Park for the hike up to the three gorgeous glacier lakes. This is now one of my favourite places in the world and probably my best day of the trip - highly recommend it :)

Capilano Suspension Bridge, University of British Columbia and YVR Airport Station are just a short distance away

day 1

Arrival in Vancouver: From airport, train, boat or car. We arrived via the direct London to Vancouver Air Transat flight. There are a number of ways to get to downtown from the airport itself.

We chose a taxi which is approximately $40CAD. You can also grab the SkyTrain’s Canada Line which takes about 26 minutes (give or take a few seconds 🤣) and costs between $8-10 per adult.

Check into the hotel:

Dinner at MARKET: If you’ve flown a long flight to arrive in Vancouver, try to adjust to the new time zone as quickly as possible. The easiest way I’ve found to do this is around food. Head for an indulgent dinner at MARKET, one of Vancouver’s best fine dining restaurants by Jean-Georges and inside the Shangri-La Hotel.

day 2

Arrive at Cycle City Tours: Rock up at Cycle City Tours (648 Hornby Street) for your cycling tour at 9:30 am. Get kitted out in your safety gear, listen to the safety talk and head out into the city to enjoy some of the picture-perfect places you’ll explore. The Original Tour includes a three-hour ride to sites like Stanley Park and the city itself. It’s a really great way to explore the city.

 Lunch at Nightingale: Nightingale is a cool joint to devour a good lunch in the city that’s located in a historic building in Vancouver’s Coal Harbour. They make some delicious, fresh meals and have a huge array of microbrews for you to try.

Head over to Grouse Mountain: Either take a taxi (around $20 or take the free shuttle that runs from Canada Place (departing every 30 minutes in peak times). Grouse Mountain is about 15-minutes after crossing Lions Gate Bridge.

Head to the top of Grouse Mountain by cable car and you’ll be transformed into a snowy world of outdoor skating, snowshoeing, skiing and snowboarding.

Dinner at L’Abattoir: Serving the most delicious French-inspired grub, L’Abattoir is perched inside the city’s very first jail in Gastown. This cool and yummy restaurant is a great find after a long day exploring Grouse Mountain. Make sure to try their chorizo crusted ling cod fillet and clams.

day 3

Head over to Granville Island: Meet the Vancouver Foodie Tour guide and head across this tasty area of the city to try almost everything in sight! The tour lasts around 2 hours where you’ll rub elbows with some of the best food producers in the city. During the tour, you’ll gorge on some locally produced cheeses, fluffy doughnuts, blended teas and some delicious Mexican food.

Explore China Town: After filling your tummy all morning, I guarantee you won’t want to stop for a huge bite to eat. Instead, head across to China Town for a wander around some of the shops, bars and historical sites.

Make sure to stop off for a drink at Keefer Bar and Fortune Sound Club and check out Rennie Collection at Wing Sang (which offers free entry). You can also visit some of the firm-favourites such as; Dr. Sun Yat-Sen Classical Chinese Garden and the Millennium Gate.

5:00 pm. Arrive at Vancouver Water Adventures: Back on Granville Island (1812 Boatlift Lane), check in for your boat tour that departs at 5:30 pm on a Bowen Island Dinner tour. Once you arrive at Bown Island, you’ll have a little chance to wander around the area before gorging on all the yummy food at Doc Morgan’s.

day 4

Pick up a rental car in downtown Vancouver for a day of driving and exploring outside of the city.

8:00 am. Drive to Horseshoe Bay Ferry Terminal: This will take around 30 minutes or so but leave yourself plenty of time as you’ll be wanting to buy tickets for the ferry crossing to Langdale.  You can check the schedule, here.

9:25 am. Depart on Ferry: Depart Horseshoe Bay for Langdale. The crossing time varies ever so slightly but usually takes around 40 minutes or so.

10:10am. Arrive in Langdale and the Sunshine Coast: After driving off the ferry, it’s time to explore the gorgeous area around the Sunshine Coast. With over 100 miles of coastline, this area is a perfect place to explore the laid-back charm of British Columbia.

Drive to Gibsons Landing: Head over to Gibsons Landing to explore a little of this place.

Eat at Gibsons Public Market: This intimate little market has around 10-12 food stalls and shops that offer some of the local areas best produce. Make a stop, take a wander around this quaint place and head upstairs to enjoy some freshly prepped food and even some art when exhibitions are on show.

Hike to Soames Hill: One of the best ways to see this area of British Columbia is on foot and located just above Gibson and a few miles from the ferry terminal is a relatively short 40-minute (self-guided) hike to conquer ‘The Knob”. Once at the top, you’ll come across some amazing views of Gibson Harbour, Vancouver Island, Gambier and Bowen.

To access this trail, it’s best to enter from 481 Esperanza Road (SW entrance).

2:45 pm. Scenic Driver along Gower Point Road to Ocean Beach: Head on this coastal drive for an hour or so to enjoy some of the true wilderness of this impressive place. Follow the coastal road and stop off whenever you wish. It really is a lovely drive.

Head to Gibsons Tapworks: Gibsons Tapworks is an intimate microbrewery that prides itself on high-quality craft beer. Just make sure not to give any to the driver.

Grab some freshly caught oysters: One of the best things about the ocean is that there’s an abundance of seafood to eat. Head over to Smitty’s Oyster House to grab a few freshly prepared oysters.

5:45 pm. Persephone’s Brewing Company:  After eating all those oysters, you’ll need a little tipple to wash it all down. Head over to Persephone’s Brewing Company which is home to an 11-acre farm and microbrewery in Gibsons. Make sure to try their grapefruit beer – it’s too delicious to miss! As with the previous alcohol experience, I’m afraid the drive will need to sit this one out.

leave for Langdale Ferry Terminal: The ferry terminal is about 5 minutes drive from Persephone’s Brewing Company.

6:50 pm. Sail time: Set sail from Langdale (Gibsons) to Horseshoe Bay.

Vancouver: Arrive in Horseshoe Bay and drive back to your Vancouver hotel.

Spend your afternoon/evening here exploring the downtown area. There’s so much to see and do, whatever you don’t see today, you can experience tomorrow. Bike around Stanley Park, watch the sunset from one of its beautiful beaches, and have dinner in one of the city’s cool neighbourhoods. Yaletown and Gastown are both walking distance from downtown Vancouver, and have too many quality restaurants to choose from.

Day 5: Explore Vancouver

Spend a day exploring what makes Vancouver one of the world’s most livable cities. There are so many free attractions to enjoy, such as Stanley and Queen Elizabeth Parks, Granville Island, and Kitsilano Beach. For museum buffs, check out the Museum of Vancouver, Science World, and the Museum of Anthropology. If you enjoy shopping at independent boutiques and thrift stores, spend the afternoon exploring Main Street, which is also home to some of the city’s best local restaurants. Otherwise, visit Commercial Drive’s Little Italy community for dinner.

Day 6: See a different side to Vancouver

The Greater Vancouver Area is comprised of cities such as Richmond, Burnaby, and North and West Vancouver. Step out of the city and see a different side to Vancouver. Steveston in Richmond is one of British Columbia’s cutest seaside towns, while Burnaby has Burnaby Mountain, Burnaby Village Museum, and Metropolis at Metrotown Mall to keep people busy. North Vancouver is home to Capilano Suspension Bridge Park, Lonsdale Quay Market, Deep Cove, and Grouse Mountain, which is great to visit year-round. Pick the place that suits you best.

Day 7: Take the Sea to Sky Highway to Whistler

It’s time to leave Vancouver and head north to Whistler. Fortunately, the drive along the Sea to Sky Highway is one of the most beautiful in Canada. Definitely stop at the Sea to Sky Gondola along the way, which has amazing views of Howe Sound, plus a suspension bridge and trails. Another great place to visit is Shannon Falls, BC’s third largest waterfall. Stop in Squamish for lunch, which is another cute coastal town too. Once in Whistler, head to Whistler Village for dinner.

Day 10: Drive to ferry and onto Vancouver Island

Drive back down the Sea to Sky Highway to Horseshoe Bay in West Vancouver. From here, it’s time to hop on a ferry to Nanaimo on Vancouver Island. Once you arrive in Nanaimo on Vancouver Island, drive down the coast to Victoria, British Columbia’s capital. Stop along the way in Cowichan Valley, which is known for its vineyards and orchards as well. There probably won’t be too many hours left in the day to explore Victoria. So instead, simply head to the city’s Inner Harbour for sunset and dinner.

https://handluggageonly.co.uk/2017/12/12/1-week-travel-plan-things-see-around-vancouver/

https://breathedreamgo.com/first-time-visitor-canada/

http://www.canadaupdates.com/2017/06/11/the-perfect-canada-itinerary-for-your-visa-application/

https://www.canadavisa.com/canada-immigration-discussion-board/threads/sample-itinerary-for-3-4-weeks-of-stay.275721/

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/north-america/canada/articles/Top-10-best-cities-to-visit-and-things-to-do-in-Canada/

https://theculturetrip.com/north-america/canada/articles/20-must-visit-attractions-in-halifax-nova-scotia/

https://www.planetware.com/tourist-attractions-/halifax-cdn-ns-nsh.htm

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-cheapest-way-to-fly-to-India-from-Canada

 

http://www.mondaq.com/india/x/262564/Copyright/Copyright+Protection+For+Computer+Software+An+Indian+Prospective

http://www.legalserviceindia.com/cyber/copyright.htm

http://www.legalserviceindia.com/article/l195-Copyright-Law-in-India.html

http://www.lawyersclubindia.com/articles/Brief-introduction-of-copyright-laws-in-India-8105.asp

http://www.mondaq.com/india/x/655852/Copyright/Copyright+Law+In+India+Everything+You+Must+Know

Copyright and TM in CS Muragendra

Law of copyright in india SAPR

India cr guide by singh and part


 

Introduction to Copyright

What do you understand by the term "Copyright"?

Copyright is a legal right, existing in many countries, that grants the creator of an original work exclusive rights to determine whether, and under what conditions, this original work may be used by others. - Ann Marie Sullivan, Cultural Heritage & New Media: A Future for the Past, 15 J. MARSHALL REV. INTELL. PROP. L. 604 (2016)

This is usually only for a limited time. A major limitation on copyright on ideas is that copyright protects only the original expression of ideas, and not the underlying ideas themselves.

When copyright laws were first enacted, nationally and internationally, the focus was primarily on the interests of the users, according authors and publishers a level of protection just strong enough to encourage and reward them, but weak enough not to prevent free flow of culture and information.
The term "copyright" is not defined under the Indian Copyright Act, 1957 (hereinafter referred to as "Copyright Act"). The general connotation of the term copyright refers to the "right to copy" which is available only to the author or the creator, as the case may be. Thus, any other person who copies the original work would be amount to infringement under the Copyright Act.

Protected Works
13. Works in which copyright subsists.— (1) Subject to the provisions of this section and the other
provisions of this Act, copyright shall subsist throughout India in the following classes of works, that is to say,—
(a) original literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works; (b) cinematograph films; and
(c) 1[sound recording].

(2) Copyright shall not subsist in any work specified in sub-section (1), other than a work to which the provisions of section 40 or section 41 apply, unless,—
 
(i) in the case of a published work, the work is first published in India, or where the work is first published outside India, the author is at the date of such publication, or in a case where the author was dead at that date, was at the time of his death, a citizen of India;

(ii) in the case of an unpublished work other than a 2[work of architecture], the author is at the date of the making of the work a citizen of India or domiciled in India; and

(iii) in the case of 2[work of architecture], the work is located in India.

Explanation.— In the case of a work of joint authorship, the conditions conferring copyright specified in this sub-section shall be satisfied by all the authors of the work.

(3) Copyright shall not subsist—


(a) in any cinematograph film if a substantial part of the film is an infringement of the copyright in any other work; (b) in any 1[sound recording] made in respect of a literary, dramatic or musical work, if in making the 1[sound recording], copyright in such work has been infringed.

(4) The copyright in a cinematograph film or a 1[sound recording] shall not affect the separate copyright in any work in respect of which or a substantial part of which, the film, or, as the case may be, the 1[sound recording] is made.

(5) In the case of 2[work of architecture], copyright shall subsist only in the artistic character and design and shall not extend to processes or methods of construction.

Rights conferred by CR14. Meaning of Copyright.— For the purposes of this Act, "copyright" means the exclusive right subject to the provisions of this Act, to do or authorise the doing of any of the following acts in respect of a work or any substantial part thereof, namely:—
 
(a) in the case of a literary, dramatic or musical work, not being a computer programme,—

(i) to reproduce the work in any material form including the storing of it in any medium by electronic means;
(ii) to issue copies of the work to the public not being copies already in circulation;
(iii) to perform the work in public, or communicate it to the public;
(iv) to make any cinematograph film or sound recording in respect of the work;
(v) to make any translation of the work;
(vi) to make any adaptation of the work;
(vii) to do, in relation to a translation or an adaptation of the work, any of the acts specified in relation to the work in sub-clauses (i) to (vi);

(b) in the case of a computer programme,—

(i) to do any of the acts specified in clause (a);



(ii) to sell or give on commercial rental or offer for sale or for commercial rental any copy of the computer programme:


[Provided that such commercial rental does not apply in respect of computer programmes where the programme itself is not the essential object of the rental.]
(c) in the case of an artistic work,—


(i) to reproduce the work in any material form including—

(A) the storing of it in any medium by electronic or other means; or
(B) depiction in three-dimensions of a two-dimensional work; or
C) depiction in two-dimensions of a three-dimensional work;

(ii) to communicate the work to the public;

(iii) to issue copies of the work to the public not being copies already in circulation;

(iv) to include the work in any cinematograph film;

(v) to make any adaptation of the work;

(vi) to do in relation to adaptation of the work any of the acts specified in relation to the work in sub-clauses (i) to (iv);

(d) in the case of a cinematograph film,—
(i) to make a copy of the film, including—

1. (A) a photograph of any image forming part thereof; or
2. (B) storing of it in any medium by electronic or other means;

(ii) to sell or give on commercial rental or offer for sale or for such rental, any copy of the film;


(iii) to communicate the film to the public;

(e) in the case of a sound recording,—
(i) to make any other sound recording embodying it 1[including storing of it in any medium by electronic or other means];

(ii) to sell or give on commercial rental or offer for sale or for such rental, any copy of the sound recording;

(iii) to communicate the sound recording to the public.
 
 
 Copyright issues in cyber space
1) Intro to copyright
2) Copyright
-Meaning of copyright
-Protected Works
-Rights conferred by copyright
-Ownership of copyright
-First owner of copyright
-Constraint on rights of copyright owners
-Term of copyright
3) Understanding of computer software
4) Computer software and copyright law

-Licenses
-Infringement of copyright
5) Licenses
-Software freeware licenses, Window License, Software open source licenses, Software GNU General Public License
6) Domain names and the law
-Domain name disputes
-Domain name disputes in India
7) Computer databases and the law
8) Trademark issues in cyberspace
-Meta tags, Framing and deep hyperlinking
9) Semiconductor layout and design law


 

Brida by Paulo Coelho : A tale bridging the visible and the invisible

This is the story of Brida, a young Irish girl, and her quest for knowledge. She has long been interested in various aspects of magic. She wants to follow her heart. But like Santiago, the Alchemist, she is also in search of her personal legend. The search leads her to people of great wisdom. She finds a teacher from the tradition of the Sun, and another from the tradition of the Moon. They take her to the levels of enlightenment, through the nuances of worldly wisdom.
To bridge the visible and the invisible is magic. And how do some manage to get there? According to the book, there are two traditions: the Sun (for wizards) and the Moon (for witches).
The author links the nine gifts that these two traditions took care with St. Paul’s first epistle to the Corinthians : the word of wisdom, the word of knowledge, faith, healing, the working of miracles, prophecy, the discerning of the spirits, speaking in tongues, and the interpretation of tongues.
The book takes us through the link between the physical world and the world of magic and mystery. Brida learns that she is a witch. She learns what witches are supposed to learn. She understands the past and the beauty of the present world, as she moves towards being initiated as a witch.
The author takes a deeper look into witchcraft - the four ways a woman can communicate with the Universe through reincarnation: the virgin, the saint, the martyr, and the witch.
The book is a collection of knowledge and experience. It teaches us that without one the other has is insignificant. The book has a meditative and poetic rhythm, the vibrations of which you can feel even after you have finished reading the book.
The literary expressions used by Paulo Coelho have his trademark style of vividness. To quote one - “Nothing in the world is ever completely wrong… even a stopped clock is right twice a day”.
All in all, Brida is a must read for all connoisseurs of literary aesthetics, whether for inspiration or pure joy of a good read.

Corporate Governance

While the high-profile corporate governance failures in developed countries have brought the subject to media attention, the issue has always been central to finance and economics. The issue is particularly important for developing countries since it is central to financial and economic development.

The subject of corporate governance leapt to global business limelight from relative obscurity after a string of collapses of high profile companies. Enron, the Houston, Texas based energy giant , and WorldCom, the telecom behemoth, shocked the business world with both the scale and age of their unethical and illegal operations. Worse, they seemed to indicate only the tip of a dangerous iceberg. While corporate practices in the US companies came under attack, it appeared that the problem was far more widespread. Large and trusted companies from Parmalat in Italy to the multinational newspaper group Hollinger Inc., revealed significant and deep-rooted problems in their corporate governance. Even the prestigious New York Stock Exchange had to remove its director, Dick Grasso, amidst public outcry over excessive compensation. It was clear that something was amiss in the area of corporate governance all over the world.

So, what is 'Corporate Governance'? The four principles of governance as stated by Kautilya too convey the crux of the concept : "It is the duty of the king to protect the wealth of the State and its subjects, to enhance the wealth, to maintain it and safeguard it and the interest of the subjects." Corporate governance is essentially a state of mind and a set of principles based on relationships. Good governance is not simply about corporate excellence. Corporations of today are no longer sheer economic entities. These are the engines of economic and social transformation.

Corporate governance has, of course, been an important field of query within the finance discipline for decades. Researchers in finance have actively investigated the topic for at least a quarter century and the father of modern economics, Adam Smith, himself had recognized the problem over two centuries ago . There have been debates about whether the Anglo-Saxon market-model of corporate governance is better than the bank based models of Germany and Japan. However, the differences in the quality of corporate governance in these developed countries fade in comparison to the chasm that exists between corporate governance standards and practices in these countries as a group and those in the developing world.

Corporate governance has been a central issue in developing countries long before spate of corporate scandals in advanced economies made headlines. Indeed corporate governance and economic development are intrinsically linked. Effective corporate governance systems promote the development of strong financial systems -irrespective of whether they are largely bank -based or market-based - which, in turn, have an unmistakably positive effect on economic growth and poverty reduction.

There are several channels through which the causality works. Effective corporate governance enhances access to external financing by firms, leading to greater investment, as well as higher growth and employment. The proportion of private credit to GDP in countries in the highest quartile of creditor right enactment and enforcement is more than double that in the countries in the lowest quartile. As for equity financing, the ratio of stock market capitalization to GDP in the countries in the highest quartile of shareholder right enactment and enforcement is about four times as large as that for countries in the lowest quartile. Poor corporate governance also hinders the creation and development of new firms.

Good corporate governance also lowers of the cost of capital by reducing risk and creates higher firm valuation once again boosting real investments. There is a variation of a factor of 8 in the “control premium” (transaction price of shares in block transfers signifying control transfer less the ordinary share price) between countries with the highest level of equity rights protection and those with the lowest. Effective corporate governance mechanisms ensure better resource allocation and management raising the return to capital. The return on assets (ROA) is about twice as high in the countries with the highest level of equity rights protection as in countries with the lowest protection. Good corporate governance can significantly reduce the risk of nation-wide financial crises. There is a strong inverse relationship between the quality of corporate governance and currency depreciation. Indeed poor transparency and corporate governance norms are believed to be the key reasons behind the Asian Crisis of 1997.
Such financial crises have massive economic and social costs and can set a country several years back in its path to development.

Finally, good corporate governance can remove mistrust between different stakeholders, reduce legal costs and improve social and labor relationships and external economies like environmental protection. Making sure that the managers actually act on behalf of the owners of the company - the stockholders - and pass on the profits to them are the key issues in corporate governance. Limited liability and dispersed ownership - essential features that the joint-stock company form of organization thrives on - inevitably lead to a distance and inefficient monitoring of management by the actual owners of the business.

Managers enjoy actual control of business and may not serve in the best interests of the shareholders. These potential problems of corporate governance are universal. In addition, the Indian financial sector is marked with a relatively unsophisticated equity market vulnerable to manipulation and with rudimentary analyst activity; a dominance of family firms; a history of managing agency system; and a generally high level of corruption. All these features make corporate governance a particularly important issue in India.

With the legacy of the English legal system, India has one of the best corporate governance laws but poor implementation together with socialistic policies of the pre-reform era has affected corporate governance. Concentrated ownership of shares, pyramiding and tunneling of funds among group companies mark the Indian corporate landscape. Boards of directors have frequently been silent spectators with the DFI nominee directors unable or unwilling to carry out their monitoring functions. Since liberalization, however, serious efforts have been directed at overhauling the system with the SEBI instituting the Clause 49 of the Listing Agreements dealing with corporate governance. Corporate governance of Indian banks is also undergoing a process of change with a move towards more market-based governance.

A Tribute to Dr. Vijay Tendulkar

The news of the passing away of noted playwright Dr. Vijay Tendulkar came as a shock to me. It brought back memories of his illustrious career.

Tendulkar was a leading contemporary Indian playwright, screen and television writer, literary essayist, political journalist and social commentator. For the past four decades he had been the most influential dramatist and theatre personality in Marathi. He had written 35 full-length plays, over 40 one-act plays, some plays for children, short stories and two novels. His newspaper columns, Kovali Unhe and Ramprahar were very popular with readers.

Among his works, Shantata! court chalu ahe (Silence! The Court Is in Session, 1967), Sakharam binder (Sakharam the Book-Binder, 1972), Kamala (1981), Kanyadan (The Gift of a Daughter, 1983), Ghashiram Kotwal (Ghashiram the Constable, 1972), a musical combining Marathi folk performance styles and contemporary theatrical techniques, are some of his famous plays. American actors performed English versions of Ghashiram Kotwal and Sakharam binder in the US. Many of his plays are translated in other languages. Besides these, his plays Gidhade, Ashi Pakhare Yeti and Baby were also acclaimed.

He also became an iconic screenplay writer in the Hindi film world as he scripted Ardhasatya, Akrosh, Aghat, Manthan, Nishant and Gehrai. He also left his mark in Marathi films with Samana, Simhasan, Umbartha and Akriet.

His works challenged conventional wisdom and forced us to think about harsh realities. Never been before, the stark contrasts of world we live in and world that also exists were so brazenly portrayed on theatre scene.

Tendulkar was born in Kolhapur and wrote his first story when only six. He went on to write his first play when he was 11 years old. He was a recipient of many awards —Sangeet Natak Academy, Saraswati Samman and Kalidas Samman.

Inspite of all the well deserved success that he achieved, he remained a humble man. His early days spent living in a chawl added a unqiue perspective to his writings.

My only privilege of interaction with him came during my graduation days in D.G. Ruparel college. It was December 2005 and we were making arrangements for our annual college festival "Kshitij". I was incharge of the literary events and I had decided to invite the great Vijay Tendulkar as Chief Guest and judge for the Marathi events. I was initially apprehensive to call him, as I was awed by his stature as a playwright and writer. However, the moment I heard him speak over the phone, all my fears were laid to rest. He was as humble and accomodating as anyone could be. He readily accepted the invitation.

However, few days before the festival, I received a call from him, expressing his pleasure at being invited and regret that he wouldn't be able to make it because of his ill health. He was so humble and nice. Those were my only interactions with him. I never got a chance to meet him face to face. And this regret would always remain.

May his soul rest in peace.

Delhi Thunderstorms : An Analysis

Every May, Delhi is lashed by thunderstorms of high-speed squalls and rain that cool down the city drastically. And just as suddenly, the clouds part and it’s scorching hot again.

“Actually, May has been like this almost every year. In fact, Delhi has seen more dust storms with greater intensity in the past,” said SC Bhan, director of the IMD’s Safdarjung observatory.

The Met office is never impressed or surprised. But it did admit that this May has been a far more active this year than the last — it has had six thunderstorms already, compared to the seven in all of last May.

But the ferocity of the squall and the intensity of the rain has been in the past — the highest wind speed recorded this year was 98 kmph (at Safdarjung) on Saturday, against 111 kmph last year.

“The strongest ever was 152 km per hour on May 23, 1976,” he said. That’s shade faster than the fastest ball bowled by cricketer speedsters Shoaib Akhtar and Brett Lee — and we are talking about winds of that speed here.

Is it because of climate change, global warming? Some experts say these thunderstorms and Cyclone Nargis that hit Myanmar are because of global warning. But others say they want more proof.

But here is how the Delhi thunderstorms happen according to the Met office. As temperatures begins to rise, air over Rajasthan, which is the hottest of the northern states because of the large expanse of deserts, gets lighter and rises and cold air from neigbouring regions rush in fill up that empty space.

The neighbouring regions in this case happen to be the Arabian Sea or the cooler hilly states of Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir. This air is not cooler but is also heavy with moisture.

This cool, wet air rushes in take the space vacated by hot rising air and creates cyclones of high speed winds and rain — and that brings rain and squalls to Delhi, and some welcome relief from summer.

But these squalls can get quite destructive — uproot or break large number of trees which have known to have killed and injured people and damaged vehicles and houses in their vicinity.

Outsourcing

It was thought that the practise of law would be one of the few areas that would be safe from the outsourcing trends that have had such a profound affect on American businesses. However, that hasn't been the case. Americans facing the hardhitting economic crises, are hit even harder by the outsourcing of jobs to countries like India.

According to the New York Law Journal: “Outsourcing legal work to India is no longer a novelty. It’s a reality.”

In a recent study released by the Forrester group, a Cambridge-based research firm, they estimated the current value of legal outsourcing to be $80 million with more than three fourths of it based in India. They go on to predict that the total amount of legal outsourcing will increase to $4 billion by 2015. And they expect much of the outsourced work to go beyond the basics like IT and human resource support. http://www.legalweek.com/Articles/1029148/Management++IT+The+evolution+of+outsourcing.html

It is currently estimated that there are as many as 200 business process outsourcing companies scattered around India alone, providing a variety of business and legal services. Two companies in particular are worth noting as representative of the trend.

The first is Pangea3, one of the largest of the Indian legal process outsourcing (LPO) companies. Pangea3 has received two separate infusions of venture capital cash from the United States: $4.4 million from GlenRock Capital and $7 million from Sequoia Capital. Sequoia is a well know silicon valley firm that was an early investor in Yahoo®, PayPal™ and YouTube™ among others. Pangea3 has used the money to expand its operations, which now include five offices (three in Mumbai, one in Delhi and one in New York). On their Web site they claim they: “… deliver best-of-breed patent analytics and patent drafting, contract drafting and contract management, legal research, competitive intelligence, electronic discovery, and document review services to U.S., European and Japanese corporations and law firms at a radically low cost.”http://www.pangea3.com/index.html

The second firm is Office Tiger, which was started by two American graduates of Princeton University, in Chennai, India. Specializing in business and financial services, Office Tiger provided legal outsourcing as well. After growing to more than 5,000 employees with revenues of more than $125 million, Office Tiger was purchased in 2006 by RR Donnelley for $250 million. The division currently has more than 10,000 employees with multiple locations.http://outsourcing.rrd.com/wwwFinancial/OutSourcing/Solutions/solutions.asp

Legal Process Outsourcing is a sub set of Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO). KPO is posed to form the third generation of outsourcing where its USP remains the arbitrage of technical expertise and domain knowledge rather than cost reduction such as with its counterparts BPO and ITO. The global KPO market is set to be worth between US$10billion and US$17billion within two years according to research by KPMG.

The global financial sector has harnessed this business model to the maximum extent. The services in the KPO financial sector alone are expected to reach US$5 billion by 2010. KPO has already been used to handle credit scoring, loss protection calculations and fraud analytics and more.

Outsourcing made its debut in the 1980s with Information Technology Outsourcing or ITO where third party organizations managed internal IT system’s maintenance, development and application. This was followed by Business Process Outsourcing or BPO in the 1990s where elementary or standardized processes that were supplementary to an organization’s core activities were outsourced to another organization. And then entered KPO where the focus is one task and expertise that are central to an organizations core competency or competitive advantage. The outsourcing industry has thus moved by leaps and bounds. It used to be supplementary and cost cutting measure and now has become an intrinsic and indispensible model.

The concerns regarding KPO according to Bob Hayward, KPMG IT advisory director could be the risk faced by valuable intellectual capital due to lacunas in the service provider’s legal and compliance departments. Also, KPO calls for a highly specialized skill set and defined domain expertise hence, the available talent pool is smaller. KPO organizations are stepping up ramp up and retention processes to attract and keep a workforce with required qualifications and skills.
India is a dominant force in the KPO industry due to the easy availability and apparent abundance of qualified and trained staff and experienced professionals. A report by GlobalSourcing Now identifies India as the leading KPO destination. A large pool of trained staff and technical professionals are reversing the myth that India is good to provide software professionals only, says the report. Organizations from all over the world are leveraging the benefits of India’s knowledge base. The report predicts that by 2010 the KPO market in India will be worth US $12 billions and will employ more than 250,000 professionals.